CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Paint Factory or plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several

buildings, where workers process raw materials into paint.

Factories arose with the introduction of machinery during the industrial revolution when the capital and space requirements became too great for cottage industry and workshops.

Paint is a subdivision of surface coating. It is a relatively opaque solid coating applied as thin layer whose films are usually formed by polymerization of polyunsaturated oil. However, other subdivisions of surface coating include: varnishes (clear coating), enamels (pigmented varnishes), lacquers (film formed by evaporation only), printing inks and polishes. Paints generally have very low thermal conductivity, electrically inert and can be washed and cleaned. The various raw materials for making paints include pigments, vehicle, alkyd resins, surfactants, solvents (thinners) and colouring matters.

Paints are classified into two principal types:

Resin based paints (Gloss finishes) and Latex based paints (Emulsion paints). The major difference between the two is only in the types

of vehicle used and cost.

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PAINT    FACTORY    MAKURDI

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Resin based paints are used for exterior and interior surfaces and are dry to a lustrous or shinny finish.

Emulsion (Latex) paint involves the emulsion of 2-phases one of which is water and any other phase.

Classically, emulsion is a suspension of one phase in another. Latex paints have as their major film forming constituent synthetic resin latex with or without other film forming constituents added in an oil-water emulsion type system. The continuous phase consists of an alkali – dispersed hydropholic colloid in water and contains two more different types of particles in suspension, styrene – butadeux (SBR) copolymer which was the original quality film former in emulsion paint. Polyvinyl acetate (PVA), acrylic and PVA acrylics copolymers have largely replaced SBR as film former.

From these, resins and latex are made objects with a wide range of colours and texture found in household wares, building materials, electrical and electronic appliances, automobile and aeronautics, clothing, building structures etc. in short it s difficult to imagine contemporary society without painting (colours).

Paints are the material employed as finishing for other materials. They are used to protect metals, timber and plastered surface from the effect of weather, heat, moisture, gases etc., thereby improving their appearance. Paints are classified into oil, water and cement and bituminom paints. There are also special paints used for special purpose e.g. heat resisting, fire proofing, chlorinated rubber paint etc.

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Paint factory is regarded as an important or essential industry in many country because of it effect and function in the environment. Finally, this project (paint factory) will help in improving on the face lift of Makurdi as the capital of Benue State as well as the job opportunities which our teeming youths desire.

1.2 STATEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEM

In an industrial building of this nature, it is impossible to solve all architectural problems involved. However, every building has a general architectural problem that has to be solved towards the realization of the design. But, there are some specific problems that are unique to individual projects, for example a paint factory.

Subsequently, the core problem this project seek to solve is centered on its purpose; a compromise between man and machine. And this involves a careful flow in the synthesis of:

o    Efficient work flow

o Making a statement to the society reflecting the mass production nature of the paint factory. o Advertising the paint products to the society as well as creating a welcome impact.

o    Expressing orderliness and aesthetic appeal.

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o   Creating openness in plant to give an impression of attractive working conditions, efficient production and painstaking devotion to the excellence of paint products.

1.3     OBJECTIVES

The principal objective of this project is to provide an environment capable of meeting the needs of the people of Makurdi and Nigeria as a whole by providing them with a well defined paint factory which is ultra-modern and which will meet their several needs in terms of seeking a solution for good appearance and packaging of good products.

Other objectives include:

§   To create versatile, adaptable and flexible form for easy expansion with minimum damage.

§    To provide a good production layout with no conflict between raw and finished goods and personnel in circulation.

§    To create an ideal factory architecture and to introduce a level of automation in the proposed paint factory in Nigeria.

§   Finally, to help in the state and Federal Government Programme in rural development and this could be achieved through industrial development.

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1.4 MOTIVATION

Establishing a house or a commercial space does not stop at having the edifice erected on a piece of land. This is since you have to make sure that your structure preserves its excellent condition so that you can enjoy your investment for a long time. There are many industrial methods that you can do to keep your home or your workspace in good condition, but one of the most effective steps that you should take is to have your walls re-applied with the right paint.

For decades now, net and sprays have been the only effective methods for controlling the mosquitoes that causes malaria and dengue. I think by introducing the factory, it will lay more emphasize on protection by inventing a way of embedding pesticide in microcapsule stirred into house paints. And this insecticide will be realized slowly from the paint and will remain effective for two to four years, while spray will be typically re-applied at least every 6 months. The paint will act like a vaccine for houses and buildings.

The minute amount of pesticides released from the paint won’t be harmful to people but will be devastating to insect.

The introduction or provision of paint factory in Makurdi will help to increase the effectiveness of other producing industries around e.g.

Most industries producing steel and aluminum building cladding.

For yatch, small boats and craft, fishing fleets manufacturers.

For all furniture and plywood industries

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For most petrochemical plants-protective coating

For all kinds of vessels that visit Nigeria port.

For manufacturers of refrigeration, bicycles, other household articles, drums and industrial components – powder paints.

For building industries etc