CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The business of buying and selling of share in companies and the place where this happens is the stock market.
When, there is boom it shows that prices of share has increased and crash when process of share fall suddenly, people and companies lose money in the process.
Stock or share at the time of a company formation must carry a nominal value and the nominal value is the quantity of share or stock that is equal to the authorized share capital of the company. For example, if the authorized share capital or the nominal value of a unit of share is 50kobo, then the quantity of share represented by the authorized share capital is 4million units of ordinary share.
The role of common stock prices and the supply of money in the economic development of a nation can not be over emphasized, most economic managers recognize that a well organized capital market is crucial for mobility both domestic and international capital.
In many developing countries, however, capital has been a major constraint to economics development.
The Nigeria economy has over the years been subjected to series of social, political and economic policies and reforms.
In the Pre 1970 era, the economy was basically faring and food security was largely achieved within the various regional government and the need to encourage private capital in development was released long enough with the establishment of the Nigeria stock Exchange with the development of the capital market. (Alole and Anao 1990: pp 104 - 177)
The capital market is a highly specialized and organized as a financial market and indeed is an essential agents of economic development because of its ability to facilitate and mobilize savings and investment to a great extent and the positive relationship between capital accumulation and real economic growth has long been affirmed in economic theories (Anyanwu 1996)
The success in capital accumulation and mobilization for development varies among nations, but its largely depends on domestic saving and inflows of foreign capital and therefore, to set up the current effort an economic recovery, effort must be made toward effective resources mobilization and the realization of this consideration is given to measure the development of capital market as an institution for the mobilization of finance from the surplus sector to the deficit sector.
Undoubtedly, potential invisible fund abound in Nigeria, but the overriding consideration in this project will be examine in the role of the capital market and financial system of any security is the framework within which the capital formations take place and it is the framework within which the saving of some people or member of a society are made possible and investment is the sacrificing of something now for the purpose of something later, this means that either individual as a company or a country for the consumption in future and the essence of investment is risk and time for example, the multinational motor company that go out for money into developing a new car or oil company spread million of Naira for exploration and the government decides it must set up agricultural loan programme and at the same time thinking of buying the lever brother Nigeria Limited ordinary shares and all these are forms of investment saving. (Nwadibia 1998) .
The financial system, therefore, consist of financial intermediaries, financial market, financial instrument, rules, convention and norms that facilitate and regulate the plans of fund through the macro economy.
The system is controlled by the government through, the agency of the central Bank of Nigeria which supervise the collection of financial intermediaries and motors adherence to the government monetary and fiscal polices and the major types of financial intermediaries and commercial Bank, merchant Bank, universal Bank, finances institution, investment trust and mortgage institution.
The placement of new issues on the capital market contributes directly towards increasing Loanable funds and allocating these between economic unit within the economy to close in their or both market of the financial instrument and the capital market is the market issue cease and trading in long term security and chains such as bond, debenture and equity shares. The placement of new issues on the capital market contributes directly toward increasing loanable funds and the types of finances that is desired to suit their preference for long-term, medium term, and short terms in financing investment.
The Nigeria financial system consist of the following
A. The Central Bank of Nigeria and Commercial Bank and Universal Banking under the banking system.
B. The saving institution e.g. federal saving Banking
C. The public sector
D. The security market e.g. Nigeria Stock Exchange.
E. Insurance and provident fund.
F. The specialized/development banking institution e.g. Nigeria industrial Development Bank (Nigeria Stock Exchange 1999 – 2002 pp: 63-71)
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS
Since change in the supply of money and common stock prices have various effect on the economy and some of problems set out to resolute in this study is as follows
1. What are the relationship between the supply of money and level common stock prices in the Nigeria economy.
2. What are the challenges facing common stock prices and the supply of money in the capital market.
3. How to evaluate the performance of the common stock and the supply of money in relation to the economic growth in Nigeria
4. How to examine the rate at which new stock are issued on the capital market
5 How to improved the market and behaviour of members in the market, so as to further enhance better performance of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (Alile 1986).
6 What are the difficulty in keeping proper and adequate record of transaction of exchange on the past?
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