CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
After the Nigeria civil war in 1970, security situation in Nigeria has been relatively stable. People had peace and can move freely from one part of the country to another without harassment or molestation. Live was easy going. No problems among different ethnic groups living together. Everybody struggled to make two ends meet. Lives and properties of people were secured because of the alert of security agents like the police, the soldiers and different societal vigilante groups. People feared causing problems because of the wrath of the law. Security in the country was highly maintained. However, the case of insecurity was noticed in Nigeria as far back as the year 2000 in some local governments‟ areas in the country but the negligence of this evil act by the constituted authority then made it spread to different part of the country. May be the governments then were unable to realize its adverse effect at long run. Recently, their actions have constituted a lot of threat to the entire population and seem to have worsened with high security agents in the country. The question is with the existence of this ugly trend, what then is security in the country? Security according to Nwagboso, (2012) is the act of being safe from harm or danger, the defense, protection and preservation of values, and the absence of threats to acquired values. Security is about survival and the condition of human existence. Security also exists when people live together in a certain environment without disturbance or violent. In the same vein, Adejumo (2011), states that security is the act of keeping peace within the governing territories. This is usually done by upholding the national law and defending the internal security threats in different areas of the country. Accordingly, Adebakin,(2012) also viewed security as freedom from danger or threats, and the ability of a nation to protect and develop itself, promote and cherish values and legitimate interests and enhance the well being of its people. This can be maintained through internal security system. Usually, internal security system in any society is very important because it is use to prevent violence and criminal activities in different societies. Internal security also ensures freedom of people from any criminal disturbances and ensures the absence of criminal tendencies which can undermine internal cohesion and co-operate existence of the nation and its ability to maintain its core values and meet the legitimate aspiration of the people.
In general terms, security is the act of seeing the survival of all and sundry in the society. It is the search to avoid, prevent, reduce, or resolve violence and conflict in any society. Usually, general peace and security in any society is associated with lack of violence, absence of civil disorder and insurgency to mention but a few. However, this study attempts to discuss the causes of insecurity and violence in Nigeria, the cost and effects of insecurity, security challenges in Nigeria and national transformation
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The increase wave of violence of terrorism, insurgency,arms trafficking, kidnappings, armrobbery, ethnic crisis etc constitutes a devastating threat to the security of lives and property of the citizenry.
This research intends to investigate insecurity as a threat to national development.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
1 What is the nature of insecurity in Nigeria?
2 What are the causes and effect of insecurity in Nigeria?
3 What are the measures to mitigate and eliminate insecurity in Nigeria?
4 What is the role of government in the management of security challenges in Nigeria?
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1 To appraise the nature of insecurity in Nigeria
2 To determine the causes of insecurity in Nigeria
3 To determine the effect of insecurity on national development in Nigeria
4 To determine measures to mitigate and eliminate insecurity in Nigeria.
5 To evaluate the role of government in the management of security challenges in Nigeria
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study shall provide an analysis of the nature , causes and effect of insecurity on national development in Nigeria with a view to determine measures to mitigate and eliminate the trend.
It shall also serve a veritable source of information on issues of insecurity and national development in Nigeria
1.6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
H0 Government role in the management of security challenges in Nigeria is low
H1 Government role in the management of security challenges in Nigeria is high
H0 The level of insecurity in Nigeria is low
H1 The level of insecurity in Nigeria is high
H0 The effect of insecurity on national development in Nigeriais low
H1 The effect of insecurity on national development in Nigeria is high
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research is focused on government and the management of security challenges in Nigeria
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
THREAT
Fay (2007); states that threat is any circumstance of event with the potential to cause harm to a system in the form of destruction,disclosure,modification of data or denial of service.Thissuggest that threat may be in deed or word and it includes activities that constitute danger, risk, hazards and menace which are capable of intimidating an individual.
DEVELOPMENT
ROGER(1976) describe development as the type of social change in which new ideas are introduce within a social system to produce higher capital incomes and levels of living through more production, Method and improved social organization
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