A questionnaire is a type of research tool that consists of a set of questions meant to gather information from respondents or from the population you are researching on. Questionnaires help to standardize data collection. Each respondent is asked the identical question. Researchers design questionnaires based on survey objectives, which are formed from a thorough understanding of the research issue and the respondents' preferred pool of respondents. As a result, questionnaires play a significant role in research. Questionnaires are important tools in descriptive and causal research. A good questionnaire is meant to obtain the information needed from respondents in a non-biased manner and is developed around the survey objectives. Anything that skews the results is considered bias in the viewpoint of the researcher. Questionnaires get data in the same way as written interviews do. They can be completed in person, via phone, on the computer, or through the mail. Questionnaires are a low-cost, quick, and effective way to gather large amounts of data from a large group of people. Data can be gathered quickly because the researcher is not required to be present when the surveys are being finalized. This strategy is beneficial when carrying out  interviews with big group of people is impractical. One problem with questionnaires is that respondents may lie to retain their social status. Most people want to provide a positive image of themselves, thus they may lie or stretch the truth to do so, such as when students overstate their revision time. Questionnaires can be a cost-effective and fast tool to assess a big group of person's behavior, attitudes, preferences, opinions, and intentions. A questionnaire commonly uses both open and closed questions to collect data. This is helpful since it permits both quantitative and qualitative data to be collected.

A good questionnaire should not be too lengthy. Simple English should be used and the question shouldn’t be difficult to answer. A good questionnaire requires sensible language, editing, assessment, and redrafting.

State the information required: This will be determined by the nature of the problem, the research study's objective, and the hypothesis posed. The focus must be on the intended audience.

Indicate the method of interviewing: phone, mail, in-person interview, or electronic interview are all possibilities. In a telephone interview, a computer system can be useful. Personal interviews might be conducted at the respondent's residence or at a mall or shopping center. A mail interview can be conducted using a mail panel. Electronic interviews take place over the internet or through email.

Determine the subject/content of each question: Is this an important question? There are two factors to examine in this case. - Examine the contribution of each question. Is the question relevant to the study's objectives? Is it necessary to ask multiple questions or just one? - In the following scenarios, several questions are asked:

i)When double-checking is required ii)When the responses are ambiguous iii)When persons refuse to offer accurate information

Overcome the inability and hesitation of the responders to answer. Respondents may be unable to answer to the questions due to the following factors: It's possible that the respondent isn't fully informed.

The respondent may not remember

The may be unable to express or articulate the question asked due to there may be private information that causes shame or hurts the responder's reputation, the respondent may be unwilling to answer. The respondent may not be familiar with the original purpose

To the respondent, the inquiry may appear to be very unimportant.

The respondent will not reveal aggressive characteristics (for an example, if asked, "Do you hit your wife, " etc.).

To overcome the respondent’s unwillingness to answer:

a)Include the sensitive issues at the end of the questionnaire.

b)Begin the question with a claim. c)Write in the third person. (For instance, Mark desperately needed a job, but he went about it the wrong way - is that correct??) Various people will have different ideas depending on the situation.)

d)Rather than asking for a specific number of responses, categorize them.

Decide on the structure of the question: Questions can be of two types

Structured questions: The collection of response alternatives as well as the format of the responses is defined by these. The three sorts of questions are multiple choice (with several response categories), dichotomous (with only two response categories, such as "Yes" or "No"), and scales.

Open-ended inquiries are also known as unstructured questions: There are no suggested options, and respondents are allowed to respond to these questions in whatever way they see fit.

Determine the language and phrasing of the questions: your Respondents will either refuse to answer or give false answers if the questions are poorly phrased. As a result, the phrasing of the query must be carefully chosen. The use of popular and unambiguous words is recommended. All implied alternatives, assumptions, and generalizations should be avoided. Biased questions should be avoided at all costs. Define the issue by identifying who the questionnaire is for, what information is required, when it is required, why the question is being asked, and so on.

Properly arrange the questions: To decide on the order of the research questions, make decisions on things like opening questions (simple, interesting questions should be used as opening questions to gain co-operation and confidence from respondents), type of information (basic information relates to the research issue, classification information relates to social and demographic characteristics, and identifiability information relates to your research study  issue), and so on.

Recognize the questionnaire's shape and layout: For self-administered questionnaires, this is crucial. Pre-coded and numbered questions should be used. Instead of being clattered, the layout should be elegant and orderly.

Make a duplicate of the questionnaire: The paper must be of reasonable quality. The questionnaire should be presented in a professional manner. The amount of space required for responses to the question should be sufficient. The font size and typeface must be appropriate. When possible, vertical response questions should be employed.

Pre-test the questionnaire: The questionnaire should be pre-tested on a small group of people to detect and eliminate potential issues. Pre-testing should be done on every aspect of the questionnaire. The respondents in the sample should be similar to those in the target group.

 Completion of the questionnaire: Examine the final draft of the questionnaire. Consider how beneficial the answers to each question will be to the research. Make sure you're not asking any irrelevant questions. Obtain feedback from the survey respondents. Best regards in your study…